Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Mouse Model

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become the third leading chronic disease among the population, following cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) accounts for about 10% of all diabetic patients - this chronic disease is diagnosed when the body cannot produce insulin, resulting in increased glucose levels. The most commonly used T1DM models are as follows:

1. Spontaneous Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) Model

The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops type 1 diabetes (T1D). The symptoms are like those of human diabetes, including phenotype such as hyperglycemia, pancreatic insulitis, polydipsia, polyuria, etc. Animals with type 1 diabetes will die within 1-2 months due to ketonemia without exogenous insulin treatment. The incidence of diabetes in female NOD mice is higher than that in male mice.

2. Induced Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) Model

The type 1 diabetes model (T1DM) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats and mice has many similarities with human type 1 diabetes in clinical manifestations, course of the disease, and morphological changes of the pancreatic islet. Streptozotocin (STZ), which has a specific damaging effect on animal pancreatic islet B cells, is the most widely used chemical inducer for animal models of diabetes. Taking advantage of this feature, high dose streptozotocin (STZ) is used to induce animal pancreatic islet B cell necrosis and develop type I diabetes (T1DM). The development of the STZ-induced type 1 diabetes model has the advantage of selective damage to pancreatic islet B cells and low drug toxicity under the required dosage.

Test items: Body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), fasting blood glucose test, random blood glucose test, serum biochemical test or kit method (ELISA test kit), physiological cage test (urine and feces collection), metabolic cage detection (indicators such as oxygen consumption, heat production, activity, etc.), tissue and organ collection and pathology analysis (H&E, Sirius red, Masson, Oil red, IHC, etc.), etc.

3. Type 1 Diabetes - Related genetically engineered mouse model